Method of indicating and recording the aiming of guns.



N. POGULSKI men 0! IIDIOA'HHG AND RECORDING 1112 ma 0? GUM} APPLIULTIOIFILED P88 58 1008. 906,924. Patented 1m 15. mos

3 IIBMHIIBBT V amnion groundglass, as will be ObVlO'llS.

: .i .-r.lnf,wicn this som or the inven th'nt the housing, the

detailed-c ns uction of whichfnnd its atrename. rte is illnstreted Fig.5,'is held in the :of the gunnerwho traces the course ofthe terget:f theground glass in the a r -mm y of i me-1; ma num- 81 m fnctnn'tioniof thexii e .amlthe hceofthe loft; p

operate the em apparatus and 'the pointas Tcnp'y: seats suspmded fromthe a manner as to modificetionehown .men who in Fig. 2, the

pencil from the elfe'cteday upon finng 4 w nt will bennderstood{:hnbfliere is oh 1' A in'both forms of the Invention, on absolutelyaccurate-record of whotjie tentomount to ev shot fired, the

Ithe pencil point from the ten'ninetion of the Inca wn upon the so glassindicating the exact position of target with reference to theoptical-axis Io: hoto or recording apparatus.

also apparent that b reason ofthe that there is mzhnctufll) d 02%: gun minstance, 0 a ve escrl methods? training the gunners may be put intopractice at o hardly a precmble cost, while the convenience of one 1methods ldlllltS of the. possibility of continuous target practiceirrespective of whether the ship lsin ortoratsea. The mcticecnnlike yieecontinued at night electric lightm n connection with the form of theinventiomshowninFi .1 ilzmayhestated that after a gunner incomesufliciently familiar with the 0 tion of the apparatnsasawho andsbecomeof plo inindicouontheground less the position of t g pngectedimage 1mg be i w and the position of said imam detemnned merely byobservation, the soundllgfilof the bell onthe appearance of the spark'cating the exact instant at which the firing mechanism is nctunted.

superiority of the above method over the nctlu target ctice nsmcnns oftraining can be claune 'i rom two points of view: first by these methodsall variable factors for Instance, as the errors in the valuation of cethe variations in the baIlietic roperties ofgun-powdenthe cccentricityoprojecfiles, etc, are elirninated; consequently, the obtained resultgives a true criterion for the skill Kigali-pointers; and second, thesethey alone, nfiord the bilmi n in shooting at to o-boets a pronthehettle-ehip atcspeed an hour.

73o formed Themelsaodofrecordingtheeimingofo j -em by me of actualhotogre. hy has proposed, as iswell own, t ench tailin considerable e anino beingnnavaila 1e at sumet theafinisite t-hcuseofthepencilem' and insome cases at night excepting with the use of electric fighting; whilethose are precisely the instances w a good aiming and consequently athorough traiumg becomes a. paramount hnportance, because the missing ofthe mark in the daylight by the gunner of a twelve-inch gun would be ofcomparative! small consequence, while atht one so e failure on the partof the quick-firing gunner n ht mean imminent peril to the battleship t\ence the advisabillty of supplementing the pholwphic method by anothernot possessi' 'nfiethe above drawbacks. On the other hand t elficiencyof the method of direct observation is wholly dependent on the roperselection and training of the controller. therefore. some means must beprovided for the selection and trail ing of. at least. one man on thebattleshi this man might select and train any num r of controllers byobserving them at work. It is for the purpose of training of the firstcontroller that the photographic apparatus is included in the system-But still the greatest advantage would be derived from the above methodif they could be used in actual warfare, viz. when the first shot hasbeen fired and the mark has been missed and when it. would have been ofthe highest impullnnve to know whether the cause of the failure was afaulty pointing. or some erroh: in the valuation of variable factors.

What is claimed is:

1- The method of indicating the aim of guns which consists in projectingthe image of a movirg object upon the ground glass of a photographicapparatus having its 0 tical axis constantly pamllel with that o the siht-ing apparatus: in tracing the course fdllou'ed by the object uponsaid ground glass; and in terminating such tracing at the instant thefiring attachment is actuated.

2. The method of indicating the aim of guns which consists in projectingthe image of a moving object upon the mound glass of a photographic aparatus liaving Its optical ans constan y parallel with that of thesighting apparatus; in manually trac' 0 upon the ground as the coursefollow by the object; and in terminating such tracing simultaneouslywith the actuation of the firing attachment.

3. The method of indicating the aim of guns which consists in projectmgthe image of a moving object upon the round lass of a photographic aparatus cvin its optical axis constun parallel wit that of the sightmgapparatus; in recording u n the ground glass the course followed by theobject; and m terminating such recording simultaneously with theactuation of the firing attachment.

4. The method of indicating the aim of guns which consists in project-mgthe image of a moving object upon the ground glass of a photographicapparatus aving its op tical ans constantly parallel with that of thesighting apparatus; in tracing with a ncil upon the ground glass thecourse folowed by the object; and m withdra the pencil pomt from contactwith the glass simultaneously with the actuation of the firingattachment.

5. The method of indicating the aim of guns which consists in projectingthe image of a moving object upon the and glass of a photographicapparatus fi i'i its op tical axis constant y parallel witl that of thesighting apparatus; in tracing with a pencil upon the ground glass thecourse followed by the object; and in automatically withdrawing the ncilpointfrom contact with the ground as at the instant the firingattachment is actuated.

6. The method of indicating the aim of guns, which consists inprojecting the image of a moving object upon the round glass of aphotographic apparatus having its optical axis constantly parallel withthe bore of the gun; in manually tracing upon the ground glass thecourse followed by the obect; in signali the actuation of the firingattachment; an in terminating the tracing at the instant of thesignaling.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature, in presence of two witnessesNICOLAS POGOLSKL Witnesses:

M. T. Mam, Gno- H. Gmsnuac.

